The Flawed Notion of the City and a Superior Alternative in Winesburg, Ohio - Literature Essay Samples

The final sentence of Winesburg, Ohio imprints the image of the town fading away as George Willard departs for the city. In fact, to view the novel in larger units, the final chapter is conspicuously named Departure, and for any reader who bothers to take in the table of contents page before starting the book it is fairly easy to deduce how Winesburg, Ohio will end before it even begins. The notion of escape from the town of Winesburg is common throughout the book, and the intended destination for escape is usually some undefined city. As a recurring element, however, it fits into a broader theme of the novel, that of a need for change in general. The two means through which change can occur can be classified as outburst and escape, with each occupying slightly different niches in the novel. Escape, being the culminating event of the novel, is clearly given prominence. But examination reveals that flight to the city is a largely flawed notion which is idealized by many but yields results which are actually embittering and not much better, empirically, than life in Winesburg. Outburst actually serves as a slightly more successful outlet for the anxieties of Winesburgs citizens.Outburst in Winesburg, Ohio can be defined as any of the many actions which happen suddenly and often rather spontaneously, undertaken by the adults of Winesburg. Prime examples include Alice Hindman running naked through the streets in Adventure, Kate Swift passionately embracing George Willard and then bursting out of the room in The Teacher, and the explosive series of events on the final night in The Strength of God.Escape needs little explanation‹flight from Winesburg occurs at the end of the novel, at the end of the Godliness stories, and it occurs or is discussed in many of the other stories in Winesburg, Ohio. The notion of escape also carries with it a unique pairing with the related element of entry into Winesburg. Doctor Parcival in The P hilosopher and Wing Biddlebaum in Hands are two characters who have come to Winesburg from other places. A third idea that is related to escape and entry is the idea of what transpires outside of Winesburg. These three ideas are linked in that they represent the three states of being in relation to the city that is so frequently referred to‹movement to the city, away from the city, and life inside the city. All three figure prominently in Winesburg, Ohio.The importance of the return from the city and the events which transpire in the city would not seem very important in analyzing escape to the city if not for the cult-like or mythical status that the city is given in the book. The final story in the book illuminates this, as George Willard leaves to meet the adventure of life (153). It is left ambiguous which city Willard is leaving for. This nonspecific terming of the city (or some city) appears frequently. Seth Richmond in The Thinker, Curtis Hartman in T he Strength of God, and Alice Hindman in Adventure all use these vague words in their fairly vague plans to leave Winesburg.While this failure to name any specific cities as destinations might be attributed to the vagueness of their plans or their ambivalence, it seems rather to be a literary tool. First, it is unlikely that George Willard is without any formal destination, yet none is formally named in Departure. Second, the consistency with which Winesburg residents hoping to leave for a city neglect to name any actual city suggests that a deliberate decision in Andersons mind. This decision can probably be grouped with Andersons general tone of emphasizing the small-town bucolic worldview of Winesburgs residents.Given this elevation of the concept of city, it is therefore necessary to examine the evidence that Anderson has provided regarding what actually happens in cities, and how much of that is known by the very people in Winesburg, Ohio who yearn to leave for them. There is actually a surprising amount of material here. Despite the alleged concept of the entire book as a chronicle of lives in Winesburg, many of the stories deal partially or entirely with events lived out in cities. Loneliness is one story which is framed in Winesburg but otherwise takes place in the city, as is Hands, to a lesser extent.Outside of Winesburg is actually where some of the worst actual events happen. The accusations of molestation and the threat of mob violence in Hands are two events that outpace anything within the limits of Winesburg in terms of sheer significance beyond the personal, psychological level. The city is where alcoholics live (Tandy), where affairs live to fruition (Respectability) as opposed to the adultery which blossoms but is never realized in Winesburg (Death), and where murder is a real event rather than a news item (The Philosopher).It seems, then, that Anderson utilizes the city for two distinct purposes. The first is as a means of writing about sensational or disastrous events that mar the lives of people without having to disrupt the superficial calm of little Winesburg. The second use of the city is as a somewhat undefined, hazy location that can nicely serve as an idealized other place for certain unfulfilled Winesburg residents.The aforementioned negatives that the city possesses should make it a less appealing and even unfavorable destination for the thousand George Willards who leave Winesburg for the city (152). The city is not completely written off, though, for two reasons. The first is that the people leaving Winesburg are not necessarily looking for a great, or even better, life. Their main desires are simply for change and freedom. When the Reverend Curtis Hartman muses about leaving for the city to ÂÅ'get into business,' it is clear that he is only choosing such an alternative because of the concern that he will not be able to continue his preferred career and lifestyle (90). Similarly, Seth Richmond, in The Thinker, tells himself he will go ÂÅ'to some city and go to work' only because he is depressed by the thought that he was not a part of the life in his own town (78). The city is not seen with any certainty as an paradise.The second reason why the city manages to exist as a destination of choice is because of the severe breach in communication in the town. Quite simply, it is possible that nobody knows about the bad things that happen in the city. The stories of Wash Williams, Wing Biddlebaum, Enoch Robinson, and other refugees from the city are untold. There is a distinct gap of contact between many groups, including the old and the young. And it is the young who want to leave for the city and the old who return from it. The only person who knows all of the stories of the city is George Willard, but the stories can be seen as an incentive for him, as a journalist, to go out to where they happened in search of m ore.Notable also is the fact that these stories are always specific in naming the exact city in which things happen. Clearly, the city loses its mystique once it has been reached. But not only is the city without a mystique, it is also fairly unreceptive to newcomers. Nobody who lives in the city either before or after living in Winesburg enjoys prosperity or much contentment at all. Ned Currie is one character who seems to carve a niche for himself in Chicago, but only as a reporter and only after a long spell of loneliness. The most financially successful character in Winesburg, Ohio is Jesse Bentley, who actually makes his fortune after coming to Winesburg from elsewhere.The pieces of evidence that reveal the city as a fairly inhospitable, non-ideal destination for those feeling stifled in Winesburg amount to an almost-moot point in any case, because few people leave for the city anyway. It is expensive. Based on the few cases when people who consider it actua lly do move to the city, the change is costly if it is intended to be permanent. Age also seems to be slightly prohibitive, as only the younger characters seem to consider it. Gender can also be assumed as a factor, with Helen White being the only female who leaves during the timeframe of the book.What remains, then, for the stifled citizens of Winesburg, Ohio (who amount to almost everybody)? What remains is the other type of drastic action that is taken by the characters in the novel‹outburst of some sort, ranging from smashing a window (The Strength of God) to running naked through the street (Adventure) to getting drunk and making up stories (Drink).Empirically, better results seem to be had with outburst than with escape. This is partly due to the encapsulated nature of an outburst as opposed to the open-endedness of escape. A specific outburst like running naked has a predetermined end, and is seen as one event that begins and ends. Moving to the city, h owever, is an action with an uncertain future. While this is its appeal to George Willard, wonder and discovery do not seem to be part of the motivation for the other people who move to the city. They move distinctly for a better life or a new job or because they feel they have to. So it can be said that outbursts often yield a better end result because the results are known from the beginning. There is a feeling in the book that once these actions of outburst take place, the pressure has been released from within the person and things have become better for a time. The city, in its open-ended vagueness and lack of a definitive goal, suggests an endlessness that is a few steps away from hopelessness.This is supported if specific events of outburst are examined. Tom Foster, in Drink, is ÂÅ'glad' to have gotten drunk, and he views it as a successful experiment in his life (134). Alice Hindmans adventure, in which she runs naked in the rain, is by no means an unequ ivocal success. But during the episode, she feels full of youth and courage (67). Afterwards, she weeps in her bedroom, but a critical realization has been reached‹the fact that many people must live and die alone, even in Winesburg (67). This is a kernel of wisdom that results directly from Alices drastic but short-lived outburst. Such wisdom is not seen in the young people who leave for the city. They are much more doe-eyed, as if they are naà ¯vely leaving and that same naà ¯vetà © will make rare the acquisition of wisdom. The awakening that happens to George Willard at the very end of An Awakening is similarly the result of a moment of outburst, a release of emotion that flares up and dies down quickly, of which he is the victim in this case. The impression given of Windpeter Winters wild and extraordinary death in The Untold Lie is that it is viewed with a sort of awe or at least respect by most boys who would prefer it to humdrum lives (124). While it resulted in Winters death, it also fulfills the implicit requirement of being a drastic, memorable, unique event in a town where staying static is the thing most dreaded. On the contrary, people who leave seem to be generally forgotten or simply lose touch.Certainly, the general impression given to a reader of Winesburg, Ohio is one of entrapment regardless of how one chooses to act upon his or her stifling situation. Things are never portrayed optimistically. But for the level with which the city is a quasi-mythical place, it is striking that Anderson gives it such a damning portrayal through the stories of those who have lived there. Outburst within the limits of Winesburg is not better by much, but it does possess certain superior qualities as a release than escape, and these advantages are, in fact, borne out for the characters in the book.

Argumentative Essay Topics

Argumentative Essay TopicsThe argumentative essay topic is a deciding factor in the writing of any essay. There are two broad categories of argumentative essays, depending on the type of information they are writing.Your argumentative essay should address one or more of the following areas, with a focus on you being able to explain why you are the best candidate for the job:Your argument should be detailed and precise. Your argument needs to show the reader how and why they should believe you when making a decision. You should use your own experiences and research to explain why you are the right person for the job. Avoid providing other people's ideas or opinions, as it will only come across as something you have already done, and it will not work to convince the reader of your capability to do the job.Presenting your argument will not make it any better or stronger if you are using any kind of evidence to support it. Rather, it should rely on facts and figures to support your argum ent. If you use statistics, use facts from reputable sources such as government statistics, academic research or actual data from your life. Don't just use your personal experience; if you have had some good experiences, include them in your essay. Don't forget that anecdotal evidence is still considered as proof and that is what your audience is expecting.Finally, remember that providing factual details to prove that you are the best candidate for the job is a bad idea. Instead, you need to convince the reader of your capacity to do the job, so you should present this argument in a manner that shows them that you are the best person for the job, using the facts of your life and experiences. If you include your own stories in the essay, add that to prove to the reader that you are not exaggerating. If you use your experience to help show how you would handle the situation, make sure that you do so in a manner that backs up your claims.Your argument needs to be logical and convincing . Since there are many different arguments available, and since it is very difficult to decide which of them is the best, you may need to include several different arguments to ensure that you are not biased or swayed by the things that are presented to you. This is especially true if you have to make a decision based on your own experience.Finally, remember that your essay should be an exploration of your own capabilities, using evidence to back up your claims. If you want to write an effective argumentative essay, make sure that you include all of the topics listed above, and that you use facts and figures to support your position.

Obedience to Authority vs. Personal Conscience Essay

Stanley Milgram, conducted a study focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. According to the study Migram suggested â€Å"that obedience we naturally show authority figures can transform us into agents of terror† (Migram, 1974/1994, p. 214). Milgram experiment was developed for the justification of the act of genocide in World War II. Many of the accomplices in the Holocaust said they were following in order given by Adolf Eichmann. Obedience to superiors is built onto the history of civilized society, and no culture worthy of the name has existed without stressing the respect that is due to legitimate authority of the duties of those in command. Milgram study provides information that supports that†¦show more content†¦Milgram study shows that 65% of the â€Å"teachers† obeyed the order to the level of 450 volt. Before the experiment Milgram gather prediction of how the teachers would obey to a directive and the major ity of the participants felt that teacher would refuse to obey the experimenter. One participant, the psychiatrist predicted most of teachers would only administer up 150 volt. Both teachers and the learner was aware of the conflicting pain of 45 volt electroshock, each participant was given this amount of voltage before the experiment began. The experiment shows that when we are under an authority order, we will forget our ethical principles. The history of electroshock therapy (ECT), Ugo Cerletti, in 1938 came up with the idea for treat human beings with electroshock therapy. He was observing the barbaric act of slaughterhouse pigs being electrocuted into unconsciousness to make it less difficult for working to slit their throats and thought that is could be applied to the treatment of mental illnesses in human beings. 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Celebrare How to Conjugate the Italian Verb, to Celebrate

History, Souls Of Black Folk, And Negro History - 763 Words

While the nostalgic tone suddenly transitions to formal, X advances his essay with worldwide findings on race. Identifying the hidden history, Books such as Wonders of the World, Story of Civilization, Outline of History, Souls of Black Folk, and Negro History (para. 22), offer X a more comprehensive African history other than the â€Å"whitened† (para. 19) history of slavery. While enumerating ignored sources of history from his research, X strengthens logos and ethos and connotes a contrast to the setting of this narrative: many blacks’ contribution of history had been obliterated. Inequalities in history triggered his attention; X additionally incorporates books about race from various countries, and his tone gradually becomes indignant. For example, â€Å"Austrian monk† asserts the genetic origin of humankind is black (para. 24); New York Time writer reports that â€Å"American is only an extension of Asia† (para. 26). These sources target the inevita ble contradiction it is contradictory to history for white people to be racists. X forwards the category of examples to descriptions of white men’s homicidal actions, developing an enraged tone. For instance, New England â€Å"Abolitionist† describes a women â€Å"tied up and flogged with whips† and â€Å"[watched] their babies being dragged off† (para. 28); Indian citizens experienced the most â€Å"bestial and ruthless [non-white] human carnage† (para. 32); â€Å"over 115 million African blacks [†¦] were murdered and enslaved† in America (para. 33). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Souls Of Black Folk1466 Words   |  6 Pagestitled The Souls of Black Folk in 1903 as a response to the condition of black people in America. The book predates the 1920s Harlem Renaissance, but can be viewed as a precursor to the New Negro Movement. Prior to 1903, blacks lived primarily in the South, but by the 1920s the black population in New York City rose by 1 15 percent. 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The Grapes Of Wrath By Kathi Appelt - 1434 Words

The Grapes of Wrath â€Å"An entire nation, it seemed, was standing in one long breadline, desperate for even the barest essentials. It was a crisis of monumental proportions. It was known as the Great Depression.† (Appelt) As author Kathi Appelt describes, the Great Depression was an enormous economic recession that affected countless people all across the country. One of the most vivid depictions of the Great Depression is found in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Some may argue that while vivid, Steinbeck’s portrayal may not be completely accurate. However, according to known facts, The Grapes of Wrath accurately depicts the everyday life and class struggle, as well as the influence of religion in the time of the Great Depression.†¦show more content†¦They called them â€Å"Okies† and â€Å"Arkies† as many of them came from Oklahoma and Arkansas. â€Å"Okies† faced much open discrimination and hostility, including from law enforcement. Being offered little work but plenty of prejudice, life was difficult for migrant workers during the Great Depression (Nishi, 1998, pp. 12-13). While Steinbeck’s main characters are migrant farmers, he still describes how the Great Depression affected folk of other occupations, such as the truck driver and Mae, the waitress. Not everyone moved west when the recession hit; those in urban areas tried to keep their jobs and make ends meet. Many could not pay rent and made little shacks of out cardboard to live in. Groups of these shacks were called â€Å"Hoovervilles,† similar to the â€Å"Okievilles† in California (Nishi, 1998, pp. 8-9). On the other side of the spectrum, there were some wealthy during all of this. Although still affected by the times, these few managed to keep a higher standard of living than was possible for most. Steinbeck shows that no one was immune to the plague of hardship brought on by the Great Depression. Second, Steinbeck accurately shows the class struggle that was waging during the period of the Great Depression. This tension between the classes is most evident once the Joads reach California. There was a vast gap between rich and poor with not much of a middle class. The rich owned acres and acres and posted guards to make sure that it

Sales Promotion free essay sample

It has formed partnerships with recognised brands such as Nestle and Pepsi It also holds regular promotional campaigns targeted at children and adults and uses these alliances to offer packages during these campaigns Source: IBEF Organization Yum! , the world’s largest restaurant company that owns chains like Pizza Hut, KFC and Taco Bell in India, is doling out more food at existing prices to woo consumers in these times of economic slowdown. Source: DNA Article, October 2013 In order to boost sales via online and mobile phone channels, Pizza Hut has been offering special discounts and customised offers. It is also planning to introduce two new items in the menu in the next two months. Also, consumers can expect more value offers going ahead, said Razdan (Mr Sanjiv Razdan, Brand GM, Pizza Hut Delivery India). Source: DNA Article, October 2013 Budget Allocated: Rs 9Cr Expected ROI: Rs 85 Cr Various Consumer Sales Promotion Pizza Hut is focusing on More for Same techniqueof Sales Promotion in India Suggested Consumer Sales Promotion Technique: Just for You† Scheme ?A specialized discount and menu for Senior Citizens In-store Activity Events Birthdays Contests Slot Machine †¢ Send special †¢ An open question to †¢ A slot machine can be put coupons/discounts for loyal customers on their special occasions †¢ Conduct birthday parties for kids including invitations and return gifts †¢ This presents an opportunity to generate new customers †¢ Celebrating birthdays within the store for visiting customers with complementary gifts  visitors at the store about how they would like their pizza (designing topics, sauces and flavors) †¢ The top 5 can be put to vote through various social networking sites †¢ The winning flavour will be introduced in the Pizza Hut Menu for a week and the winner will get vouchers as prizes along with Pizza Hut merchandize in the store †¢ All customers will get one round at it †¢ Whoever gets three pizzas together, wins a Pizza Jackpot with a comple mentary pizza/beverage †¢ This will generate customer delight