Brutus Character Essays - Ancient Rome, 1st Millennium BC

Brutus Character William Shakespeare's play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, is mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The character who was in charge of the assassination was ironically, Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Julius Caesar. After examining Brutus' relationship to Caesar, his involvement in the conspiracy, and his importance to the plot, the truth can be revealed. Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Caesar, has a strong relationship with Caesar but a stronger relationship with city of Rome and its people. Brutus was always beside Caesar in many points of the play, Brutus was talking and next to Caesar. Brutus also loves Caesar but fears his power. Brutus would not allow Caesar to rise to power and then turn his back onto the people of Rome. This is the only reason Brutus would conspire against Caesar. Caesar feels that Brutus is noble to him and does the right thing regardless of personal danger. On the Ides of March, as Caesar was assassinated, Caesar's last line is: Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar. This shows that Caesar would not die without Brutus' stab. Caesar realizes that there must be a good reason for this assassination if Brutus was involved. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Brutus talks to Antony about Caesar's death. Brutus says that Antony cannot see their members of the conspiracy hearts', that are full of pity. Again, this shows how Brutus loved Caesar but cared for the life of Rome and its people more. Marcus Brutus had a very important role in the conspiracy against Caesar. He was the back-bone of the plan. According to Cassius, Brutus' main purpose in the conspiracy is for an insurance policy. The people will think, since Brutus is loyal to Caesar, that there is a good reason for Caesar's assassination. Brutus will also be the leader of the conspiracy for another insurance policy for the assassination. Cassius is the one who declares this, Brutus shall lead the way, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest and best hearts of Rome. Again, if Brutus leads the way, the people will think that the death of Julius Caesar wasn't such a bad thing. Brutus also declares to himself that his role in the conspiracy is to save Rome. He says to the people that, If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more If Brutus were not in the plot of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, the conspiracy would probably not have worked. Since Brutus ...loved Rome more. he decided to be a part of the conspiracy. If he hadn't loved Rome more than Caesar, he would not have joined in the assassination of Julius Caesar. Cassius and the rest of the conspirators would probably not have continued on without Brutus because they would have no insurance afterwards. The people would think that there was no reason for Caesar's death and most likely beheaded all the conspirators. Also, if Brutus were not in the play, the whole end of the play would not ever occur. Brutus would not be there to have an army or kill himself, and Cassius will already be beheaded. If Brutus were not in the play, the title would have absolutely no meaning. Marcus Brutus was a good friend to Julius Caesar, but not good enough. He had moral values dealing with Rome and its people. Brutus' values then made him join a conspiracy against Caesar put together by Cassius. Brutus joined this mainly because he didn't want Caesar to turn his back on Rome so there would be a reasonable reason for killing Caesar. If Brutus weren't in the play, there would be no Tragedy in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. English Essays

Slash Your Job Search Time In 3 Simple Steps

Slash Your Job Search Time In 3 Simple Steps Old-fashioned job search methods are proving to be just that: old-fashioned. The newspaper classifieds section is something of a laughingstock, and blasting resumes and cover letters blindly into online application systems is almost just as silly. The face of job hunting has changed. Be on the cutting edge, and cut your job search time in half with these 3 simple steps. Find the Voice Behind the CurtainIn this case, that just means: find the hiring manager. Especially when traditional channels aren’t getting you very far. Go straight to the source. The hiring manager will have fewer filters in place to keep out the likes of you, so you have a better chance of making a connection and getting your application noticed. Use a combination of LinkedIn and the company’s website to find out who your best point of contact would be, then draft the classiest, most professional email you can.When in doubt, send the following two things to the department manager you’d be work ing with directly:Create a  Pain LetterThink of this as a cover letter plus. A pain letter, in case you’re unfamiliar with the term, is a letter in which you try to sell yourself to the prospective company by identifying something that pains them, and showing yourself in the unique and perfect light to fix it. Maybe you explain how you solved a similar problem before, at a previous company, or how you filled a similar gap before- with great success.Don’t forget to pump up the company a bit; don’t just list its faults and weak spots! Do emphasize how grateful you’d be for an opportunity to help take them to the next level of greatness.Humanize Your ResumeWe sometimes make the mistake of sounding too cold and removed in our job application materials- like we’re trying to be super professional. But, we end up sounding kind of dry and robotic. Instead, try wording your resume in the first person, with an emphasis on what your particular skills and ex perience can contribute to the organization.

Lower Division Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lower Division Capstone - Essay Example I would say that this strategy can be considered as home runs because this investment can bring about a lot of revenue in the future. In order to increase their revenue this company should market through digital media. This can also be categorized as low hanging strategy. I strongly recommend the use of this digital media i.e. online marketing, blogs, forums, social media etc as customer behavior is changing every day and people (doctors) mostly use internet as the source of information for new drugs. This would definitely have positive effect on the company as it can have direct contact with customers through this. This can result in great financial improvements (Abbott 2011). DEAN FOODS: Dean foods is an American food company which mainly deals in milk and dairy products. Marketing plan for dean foods can be advertisements through newspapers or pamphlets, door to door service and change in the way of presenting the product. All these are very common yet effective ways of marketing. Advertisements in newspapers and door to door service both can lie in low hanging fruit category. The success of the change in the presentation can be risky because it depends upon the consumer’s taste. ... It is one of the top brands worldwide for women’s undergarments. It needs to be very innovative when it comes to its marketing strategies and it is already doing very well in it. New models should be hired every year so that consumers are not bored by the same faces. More and more ads should be put in all kind of magazines instead of just fashion ones. Any new product that comes up should be immediately advertised. All these will help Victoria’s secret to continue being a monopoly in lingerie business. Hiring new models can be low hanging fruit for the company. Putting ads in different magazines can be both low hanging fruit and home runs. Hiring new models can be a little risky because the success of it actually depends upon customer’s taste. I would strongly recommend my second advice of advertising the product in all kind of papers and magazines because this would also target customers who do not read fashion magazines. It will increase the demand and will enh ance public relations (Business Week 2006; Franco 2000). BIBLIOGRAPHY: Dean Foods Company STRATEGIES: ONE BIG SECRET. Mark Del Franco 2000 Marketing Victoria's Secret. Business Week 2006. http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/content/oct2006/bs20061011_780959.htm Abbot Laboratories. Official Website 2011. PART TWO The company’s strategy of changing its focus from SUV to more fuel-efficient cars is more practical for today’s world where fuel prices are hiking every day.

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay Example Management for business and economics should come from both aspects of â€Å"external† and â€Å"internal.† From external aspects as in terms of political force, legal directives, sociocultural practices and education. From internal aspects as in terms of positive faith and conduct of business companies and people, self-regulation of business unions, etc. The external aspect alone cannot accomplish this direction because it requires the inner responsibility of business nor is the internal aspect adequate because business, like any societal group, is only a sole element of society and needs supplementary external management and guidance. Nonetheless, the internal aspect is becoming more significant as the economic players have the benefit of more autonomy and thus abide by more accountability. In this period of fast globalisation and secularisation, where authority is moving away from its conventional hub in the West, the world will be inestimably poorer, more unsafe, and more brittle and most of all, more directionless —lacking the essential sense of rationale to help direct its voyage — if it is with no strong religious aspect. Given the tremendous challenges of globalization and secularization, it appears definitively prudent to place the religious approaches to business ethics into the global framework. This sets far above the ground standards, of which, until at present, the realistic and theoretical accomplishments of business ethics have fallen noticeably undersized. Business is component of the societal order. Its prime rationale is to fulfill material and human needs by manufacturing and dispensing goods and services in a proficient style. How this function is carried out the ways as well as the closing stages is central to the entire society. Along with the development in material wealth in the business world, there is rising in some sectors a value system which is damaging to the healthy development of human

The Character of Arnold Friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Character of Arnold Friend - Essay Example For this purpose, a mention would be made of both direct quotations from the story and also views of a renowned scholar and which add strength to the argument presented by this essay. Here, it needs to be specified that the scope of this essay is confined to solely understanding the character of Arnold Friend, and not to give a detailed summary of the story. Background It was sometime in the second half of 1960s that the author happened to read about Charles Schmid, a serial killer of Arizona who murdered several girls. All these girls were in their teens. In fact, the killer was named as â€Å"The Pied Piper of Tucson†, and Joyce did not take too much of time in deciding to write a story based on the serial killings, and the title of this story is â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?†As a matter of fact, the character of Arnold Friend in this story clearly resembles Schmid. Just like the latter, even Arnold Friend is short and attempts to look taller by stuf fing some things in his shoes. Most importantly, in the story, even Arnold goes on to intimidate a teenage girl who was trying to keep him at bay. But here, the author brought an entirely new dimension by adding an element of supernatural phenomenon to the story, and this is what is going to elaborately analyzed in the subsequent section. (1) Analysis The aforementioned supernatural phenomenon is obvious from the narrative of story strongly suggesting that Arnold Friend is Satan himself, in disguise. There are several quotations from the story, which add weight to this argument, and it would be very much apt in having a look at some of those. When Arnold sees Connie for the first time he remarks â€Å"Gonna get you, baby†. That is definitely not a respectable way of addressing ladies, and in fact, this also subtly hints that there is an element of evil in Arnold. (2) When Connie gets worried that her family members would return home, the following is the exact situation. â₠¬Å"Arnold says â€Å"Aunt Tillie’s. Right now they’re uh—they’re drinking. Sitting around,† he said vaguely, squinting as if he were staring all the way to town and over to Aunt Tillie’s back yard. Then the vision seemed to get clear and he nodded energetically. â€Å"Yeah. Sitting around. There’s your sister in a blue dress, huh? And high heels, the poor sad bitch—nothing like you, sweetheart! And your mother’s helping some fat woman with the corn, they’re cleaning the corn—husking the corn.† (2) From the contents stated in the preceding paragraph, it is evident that Arnold Friend possesses paranormal powers. He was vividly able to see the things taking place at a distant location. In popular literature, Satan is described as a combination of these powers and evil intentions, not to mention the ability to effectively assume any form. When Connie was worriedly resisting the advances of Arnold and was trying to make sure that the door gets locked, he remarks â€Å"But why lock it? It’s just a screen door? It’s just nothing.† These words subtly focus on another power of Satan where, locked doors and windows cannot prevent him from gaining entry into a place. Although he explains by stating that breaking a screen door is not an issue for anyone, yet, in light of the contents discussed up to that point in the story, it is but obvious that the power of the evil entity is being referred to. (2) When Connie was still adamant in not yielding to Arnold’s charm, he starts threatening her by saying â€Å"You don’t want your people in any trouble, do you?† That again is a clear reflection of his grossly evil nature- a nature which is characteristic of Satan! The manner in which the story reaches its end subtly points out that he kills

Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels

Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels INTRODUCTION Human resource Development has in recent year become the focus of attention of planners policy makers and administration. It is important not only for an enterprise but also for a nation to develop its human resources. Employees Job Satisfaction is one of the main areas of HRD. Organizations are social systems where human resources are the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations need effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. Organizations cannot succeed without their personnel efforts and commitment. Job satisfaction is critical to retaining and attracting well-qualified personnel. This is especially an issue in medical institutions such as hospitals where specialist training and retention are highly important Employee job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their jobs and the organizations in which they perform these jobs. Methodologically, we can define job satisfaction as an employees affective reaction to a job, based on a comparison between actual outcomes and desired outcomes. Job satisfaction is generally recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. It encompasses specific aspects of satisfaction related to pay, benefits, promotion, work conditions, supervision, organizational practices and relationships with co-workers. Concerns about employee job satisfaction are just as critical in the apparel industry as they are in other business sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate job satisfaction among health care employees is similar to the interest of research concerning job satisfaction in industrial settings. Numerous factors influence employee job satisfaction, including: salaries, fringe benefits, achievement, autonomy, recognition, communication, working conditions, job importance, co workers, degree of professionalism, organizational climate, interpersonal relationships, working for a reputable agency, supervisory support, positive affectivity, job security, workplace flexibility, working within a team environment and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with unskilled or inappropriately trained staff, laborious tasks such as documentation, repetition of duties, tensions within role expectations, role ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient care, feeling overloaded, the increasing need to be available for overtime, relations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factors Irvine and Evans (1995) have also underlined the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feedback), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteristics of the work environment (leadership, stress, advancement opportunities and participation) in relation to job satisfaction. Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, grievance expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate antecedent of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. Unsatisfied workers will leave their jobs more than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, particularly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. Employees who experience job satisfaction are more likely to be productive and stay on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees have more innovative activities in continuous quality improvement and more participation in decision-making in organizations. Job satisfaction is also found to be positively-related to patient satisfaction. Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in several countries showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providers Organizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership style. By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. It is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management respects workers, operates with honesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees. The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. The continued search for good leaders has resulted in the development of many leadership theories. Studies have been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors can be used to influence employees for improved organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts have undergone a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very classical autocratic approach to a very creative and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed considerably in recent years. People today are better-educated and more articulate. They can no longer be commanded in the same way as before. There needs to be much more involvement and participation at work. There are several styles of leadership such as: autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation. COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION OF ORIENT CRAFT Orient Craft Limited started in the year 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and then Orient Craft was set up in the year 1978 to take over the existing business and has now grown to 8000 employees in seventeen factories. Orient Craft Indias No. 1 Garment Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the â€Å"Gold Trophy† given by Govt. of India for highest global exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. Besides many other export and quality awards, Orient Craft won the highest award for being Indias larges knit apparel manufacturer and also the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. Orient Craft bagged the Bid World Quality commitment International Start Award in the Platinum Category for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many other awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on Sep 19, 2004, Won the â€Å"Entrepreneur of the year 2003† from the prestigious Ludhiana Management Association. The company is growing rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities spread over 6000000 sq. ft. area with seventeen factories in and around Delhi. Another state of the art Manufacturing Complex, covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of covered space is completed in December 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing plant in whole of India producing cut and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof. Company has the most modern manufacturing plants in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one location. The company deploys over 73000 imported sewing machines for its manufacturing operations in Woven and Knit units. The company has in-house lab testing for garments, fabrics, and trims. Its labs are well equipped to test for all parameters including Color-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-house garment Dyeing Units, Manual Sand-blasting and laser sand-blasting units. The company has three 100% export oriented unit thereby having the advantage of importing all raw materials, trims free or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a specialized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all Soft Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the most prominent brands. COMPANY PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED 7-D, Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR) Tel : 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax : 0124-2341110, 2342042 Year Established 1995 Type of company Privately Held Owners/Directors Mr. Sudhir Dhingra Mr. K. K. Kohli Mr. Anoop Thatai Mr. Ravi Dhingra Mr. Vikas Mr. Sahil Dhingra Mrs. Manju Dhingra Annual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004 Minimum Order Quantity 200 Dozen per Style No. of people Employed 8500 in-house Production Capacities 50000 Dozen Per Month (Woven) 50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits) Major Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., Canada Major Products Blouses Skirts Pants and shorts Dresses Jackets Outwear Mens Shirts Kids wear Co-ordinates Knitted Shirts/T-Shirts Major Customers Dillards Stores Loft Gap Tommy Hilfiger J-Crew Liz Claiborne Susan Bristol Next Retail Ltd. Nike Dockers Ann Taylor Banana Republic J. G. Hook Ralph Lauren Jones of New York Levis Lands End Abarcrombie and Fitch COMPANY ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7A Company is situated in approximately 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful garden in front and is surrounded by various decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. Nearly 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all type of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The new HRD and labor welfare department of this company on one side playing a great role by tuning every department, to get maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and workers, it is also giving chance to new people to build their career as strong as possible in their reputed company. The production part of this factory is divided into six units. Here no. of machines are more than 1000. Ground floor is called basement or 2nd unit. Here cutting, finishing, sewing are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is present where cutting, sewing as well as finishing takes place. Above 1st unit 3rd unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only production is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and embroidery is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place. In the present scenario of stiff competition of quality and price in the international market, the Indian garment industry is not in the position of producing an expensive and lower quality product. Looking at the present market demand of producing inexpensive and lower quality product, Orient Craft have to increase the productivity, lower the wastages on production floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a good quality product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. Today the industrial engineering has become the back bone of the garment industry. In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial Engineering Department consist of an I.E. head, eight I.E. executives reporting to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. executive is assigned the particular production floors, thus this department is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and sampling department. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and quality, lowering wastages, proper utilization of resources like special machines and equipments, this department is also assigned the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production floors and to develop new production techniques to increase the productivity. RULES AND RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED Sampling Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to best possible construction and the use of folders and attachments in the style. Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a sample from the merchant of the stages of the two pieces, which is to be made on the production floor. After receiving the sample the initial operation bullet layout and new style requirement sheet is made. The purpose of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if manpower, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, profiles, dies etc required in the style and make sure everything is in house at the pilot stage. Target setting- After having a rough idea of manpower and machines required from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly how many machines and manpower is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of cutting is taken and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD department using the proper method, motion and rating is done. Final operation bulletin and layout- After tune and motion study the company make final operation bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the number of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross checked by I.E head and then it is signed by RD head and then it is passed to production manager. Line setting- Line setting is the implementation of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician. Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the bottleneck of the line due which targets are not met.   Follow ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachments, dies, profiles whether they are in house or not before the production starts and to be in correct with concerned persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production. Use of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be used on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor. Projects- Besides all the above activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc. Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to eliminate it. This report is given to I.E head on the daily basis. INTRODUCTION OF THE QUALITY DEPARTMENT Its gives immense pleasure in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality department in Hand Embroidery, Adda Embroidery, Computer Embroidery, and Machine Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery. This department has a modern and very sophisticated design which give a good quality to production to ensure consistency in quality of Garments with our embroider and in house sampling works. Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other department in creating the good quality and acceptability. Over the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality ladder and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers. â€Å"In the prevailing situation, the company needs all rounder, not specialist. These all are created with the help of the existing team of the company. The team supports each other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity. And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher altitudes in future. ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENT This Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last few years Embroidery department provides the resources expertise and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer. Embroidery Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited. Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaningful business relationship with production, Merchant Cutting department the company always been in vogue with the fashion trends. Orient Craft is now trying to emphasize on converting the quality to make the process, trouble free for the production department. The company is assuring the quality and total standard action with its in-house production. So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited. DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANY Material Transfer Slip (MTS Book) is very important document for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department.   All records can be maintained properly with MTS books as it is very important for the company. ROLE OF THE CANDIDATE The attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and cooperative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better understanding of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the right people and their processes are transparent and continuously optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost. ITS FLOW CHART Stitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch Pieces Prod Dep Emb Dep Emb Dep Issue to Embroider Issue to Embroider Reed after Emb. Reed after Emb    Quality Checking Quality Checking Cutting Production Finishing CENTRALIZED CUTTING ROOM AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANIZED CUTTING ROOM:- On average a garment had approximately 50%-60% of its total allocated to fabric and yet, most manufacturing units have no quality and production system monitor the inspection, spreading and cutting of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the monitoring and productivity costs. INTRODUCTION:- Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized cutting facilities. The cutting room is feuding to all the swing floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows comprehensive production and quality procedures in cutting room. FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOM Approval for cutting go ahead Call out for cutting Cutter efficiency chart Daily cut plan Monthly cut plan Cutting file checklist Fabric relaxation Approval additional cutting Bundle control system Color code for different shrinkage Cutting RD Hourly report Fusing system CUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED:- Pre -production meeting is organized to discuss all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting manager, pattern master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master prepares a cut order plan and after job order is received from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department. Most common considerations during cut order planning No of sizes in order No of color in the order Maximum/minimum no of sizes allowed in marker Maximum spread length Maximum ply height Fabric cost per yard Cut table fabric width Width variation Fabric utilization report Fabric inspection report Lot card Shrinkage report Fabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to spreading. Quality assurance inspector conducts inspection after spreading and cutting. He checks the layer for following defects:- After spreading Marker placing Tension Miscut Notches Bowing Leaning Others After cutting Accuracy Matching the top, middle and bottom ply with pattern Notches/drill holes Fabric layering system:- Spreader in the cutting room receives layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the details for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the following fabric details are correct before beginning to spread Fabric type Fabric name Fabric width Shrinkage Color Lot no Layer length No of pieces Total pieces Quality control of the spreading:- As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality assurance inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality control inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to ensure that the spreading is right. The quality assurance inspector ensures the following:- Fabric Number of piles Lay length Ends Tension Remnant Splices Pattern Quality control of the marker:- The quality control inspector would check the following:- Correct marker Ratio Pattern Missing pieces on the marker is quite a common problem in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the pattern pieces is checked. There must be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either. Once the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the knife cuts into the fabric everything is correct. Quality control of cutting:- After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before starting to cut the fabric. Cut number Marker number Marker length Fabric spreading length The cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been placed in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are as follows: Ensure that all the edges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides. Ensures that the marker is laid square to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section. Fusing system:- A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing cycle each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface appearance and hand feel. Fuse line temperatures are established using temperature papers. Fuse line temperature is the temperature between the shell fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some times due to special finishes on the shell fabric, fusing machine is adjusted accordingly. Numbering system:- This is probably one of the most important control points in the manufacturing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or washing and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system. The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and moved to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the best as they allow the cutting table to be cleared immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place. Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining attached to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric. GARMENT PROCESSING UNIT Aim: To work towards most moderate washes while striking a right balance of handwork and chemistry. Also to achieve/generate consistency of shades and quick production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele. Capabilities :- well starting with neat rinse washes, silicon sand wash, peach hand brushing on party wears, whickering coupled with Laser sand Blasting and tinting on Denims. Garment overdyes : -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look; vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is available On demand, shade bands are well taken care of. For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong crisp as and how desired. Laser :- The design made over the surface of fabric by laser engraving technology are being strongly pursued by various customer of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a Rare Technology. Well seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craft saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMS Receive Indent from Merchandiser Ensure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories. Decide the vendor to whom order is to be placed based upon rates. Prepare the purchase order Place the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in purchase register RECEIPT Receive information of material arrival along with bill/challan Verify the description and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O register Verify the quantity with bill Send one piece of the accessory on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required for production equipments and consumables Enter the details of consignment in store receipt Update stock register and style sheet in file ISSUE Receive requirement of material on requisition slip and verify authorized signatures Prepare challan for the items to be issued Issue the material and get acknowledgement on the challan Update stock register and style sheet in file Receive the material returned from production along with style number indicated on return challan Verify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challan Update stock register STORAGE PRESERVATION Keep the rejected material in the area defined for it Keep the approved material at defined location Ensure that adequate preventive measures are taken to safe-guard the material against damage LITERATURE REVIEW MEANING AND NATURE OF JOB SATISFACTION The term ‘Job Satisfaction is of great relevance in the field of human resource management. So we can define Job Satisfaction a: â€Å"Job Satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feeling which employees view in their work. Job Satisfaction is the fulfillment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefits or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. Like other attitudes Job Satisfaction is composed of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction. Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, learning new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments. Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by digging out ‘satisfiers wherever they can be found. This is true even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better carrier area. The trick is to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing ordinary jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no matter what their assignment may be. So, from the discussion we can say that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the perspective of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay. LEVELS OF SATISFACTION Job Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the greater the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do. -Most workers like their work if they have little supervision. -The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education. EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEES The term Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels INTRODUCTION Human resource Development has in recent year become the focus of attention of planners policy makers and administration. It is important not only for an enterprise but also for a nation to develop its human resources. Employees Job Satisfaction is one of the main areas of HRD. Organizations are social systems where human resources are the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations need effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. Organizations cannot succeed without their personnel efforts and commitment. Job satisfaction is critical to retaining and attracting well-qualified personnel. This is especially an issue in medical institutions such as hospitals where specialist training and retention are highly important Employee job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their jobs and the organizations in which they perform these jobs. Methodologically, we can define job satisfaction as an employees affective reaction to a job, based on a comparison between actual outcomes and desired outcomes. Job satisfaction is generally recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. It encompasses specific aspects of satisfaction related to pay, benefits, promotion, work conditions, supervision, organizational practices and relationships with co-workers. Concerns about employee job satisfaction are just as critical in the apparel industry as they are in other business sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate job satisfaction among health care employees is similar to the interest of research concerning job satisfaction in industrial settings. Numerous factors influence employee job satisfaction, including: salaries, fringe benefits, achievement, autonomy, recognition, communication, working conditions, job importance, co workers, degree of professionalism, organizational climate, interpersonal relationships, working for a reputable agency, supervisory support, positive affectivity, job security, workplace flexibility, working within a team environment and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with unskilled or inappropriately trained staff, laborious tasks such as documentation, repetition of duties, tensions within role expectations, role ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient care, feeling overloaded, the increasing need to be available for overtime, relations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factors Irvine and Evans (1995) have also underlined the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feedback), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteristics of the work environment (leadership, stress, advancement opportunities and participation) in relation to job satisfaction. Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, grievance expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate antecedent of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. Unsatisfied workers will leave their jobs more than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, particularly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. Employees who experience job satisfaction are more likely to be productive and stay on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees have more innovative activities in continuous quality improvement and more participation in decision-making in organizations. Job satisfaction is also found to be positively-related to patient satisfaction. Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in several countries showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providers Organizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership style. By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. It is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management respects workers, operates with honesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees. The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. The continued search for good leaders has resulted in the development of many leadership theories. Studies have been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors can be used to influence employees for improved organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts have undergone a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very classical autocratic approach to a very creative and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed considerably in recent years. People today are better-educated and more articulate. They can no longer be commanded in the same way as before. There needs to be much more involvement and participation at work. There are several styles of leadership such as: autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation. COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION OF ORIENT CRAFT Orient Craft Limited started in the year 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and then Orient Craft was set up in the year 1978 to take over the existing business and has now grown to 8000 employees in seventeen factories. Orient Craft Indias No. 1 Garment Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the â€Å"Gold Trophy† given by Govt. of India for highest global exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. Besides many other export and quality awards, Orient Craft won the highest award for being Indias larges knit apparel manufacturer and also the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. Orient Craft bagged the Bid World Quality commitment International Start Award in the Platinum Category for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many other awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on Sep 19, 2004, Won the â€Å"Entrepreneur of the year 2003† from the prestigious Ludhiana Management Association. The company is growing rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities spread over 6000000 sq. ft. area with seventeen factories in and around Delhi. Another state of the art Manufacturing Complex, covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of covered space is completed in December 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing plant in whole of India producing cut and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof. Company has the most modern manufacturing plants in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one location. The company deploys over 73000 imported sewing machines for its manufacturing operations in Woven and Knit units. The company has in-house lab testing for garments, fabrics, and trims. Its labs are well equipped to test for all parameters including Color-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-house garment Dyeing Units, Manual Sand-blasting and laser sand-blasting units. The company has three 100% export oriented unit thereby having the advantage of importing all raw materials, trims free or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a specialized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all Soft Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the most prominent brands. COMPANY PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED 7-D, Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR) Tel : 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax : 0124-2341110, 2342042 Year Established 1995 Type of company Privately Held Owners/Directors Mr. Sudhir Dhingra Mr. K. K. Kohli Mr. Anoop Thatai Mr. Ravi Dhingra Mr. Vikas Mr. Sahil Dhingra Mrs. Manju Dhingra Annual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004 Minimum Order Quantity 200 Dozen per Style No. of people Employed 8500 in-house Production Capacities 50000 Dozen Per Month (Woven) 50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits) Major Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., Canada Major Products Blouses Skirts Pants and shorts Dresses Jackets Outwear Mens Shirts Kids wear Co-ordinates Knitted Shirts/T-Shirts Major Customers Dillards Stores Loft Gap Tommy Hilfiger J-Crew Liz Claiborne Susan Bristol Next Retail Ltd. Nike Dockers Ann Taylor Banana Republic J. G. Hook Ralph Lauren Jones of New York Levis Lands End Abarcrombie and Fitch COMPANY ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7A Company is situated in approximately 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful garden in front and is surrounded by various decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. Nearly 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all type of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The new HRD and labor welfare department of this company on one side playing a great role by tuning every department, to get maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and workers, it is also giving chance to new people to build their career as strong as possible in their reputed company. The production part of this factory is divided into six units. Here no. of machines are more than 1000. Ground floor is called basement or 2nd unit. Here cutting, finishing, sewing are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is present where cutting, sewing as well as finishing takes place. Above 1st unit 3rd unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only production is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and embroidery is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place. In the present scenario of stiff competition of quality and price in the international market, the Indian garment industry is not in the position of producing an expensive and lower quality product. Looking at the present market demand of producing inexpensive and lower quality product, Orient Craft have to increase the productivity, lower the wastages on production floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a good quality product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. Today the industrial engineering has become the back bone of the garment industry. In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial Engineering Department consist of an I.E. head, eight I.E. executives reporting to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. executive is assigned the particular production floors, thus this department is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and sampling department. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and quality, lowering wastages, proper utilization of resources like special machines and equipments, this department is also assigned the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production floors and to develop new production techniques to increase the productivity. RULES AND RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED Sampling Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to best possible construction and the use of folders and attachments in the style. Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a sample from the merchant of the stages of the two pieces, which is to be made on the production floor. After receiving the sample the initial operation bullet layout and new style requirement sheet is made. The purpose of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if manpower, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, profiles, dies etc required in the style and make sure everything is in house at the pilot stage. Target setting- After having a rough idea of manpower and machines required from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly how many machines and manpower is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of cutting is taken and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD department using the proper method, motion and rating is done. Final operation bulletin and layout- After tune and motion study the company make final operation bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the number of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross checked by I.E head and then it is signed by RD head and then it is passed to production manager. Line setting- Line setting is the implementation of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician. Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the bottleneck of the line due which targets are not met.   Follow ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachments, dies, profiles whether they are in house or not before the production starts and to be in correct with concerned persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production. Use of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be used on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor. Projects- Besides all the above activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc. Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to eliminate it. This report is given to I.E head on the daily basis. INTRODUCTION OF THE QUALITY DEPARTMENT Its gives immense pleasure in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality department in Hand Embroidery, Adda Embroidery, Computer Embroidery, and Machine Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery. This department has a modern and very sophisticated design which give a good quality to production to ensure consistency in quality of Garments with our embroider and in house sampling works. Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other department in creating the good quality and acceptability. Over the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality ladder and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers. â€Å"In the prevailing situation, the company needs all rounder, not specialist. These all are created with the help of the existing team of the company. The team supports each other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity. And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher altitudes in future. ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENT This Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last few years Embroidery department provides the resources expertise and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer. Embroidery Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited. Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaningful business relationship with production, Merchant Cutting department the company always been in vogue with the fashion trends. Orient Craft is now trying to emphasize on converting the quality to make the process, trouble free for the production department. The company is assuring the quality and total standard action with its in-house production. So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited. DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANY Material Transfer Slip (MTS Book) is very important document for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department.   All records can be maintained properly with MTS books as it is very important for the company. ROLE OF THE CANDIDATE The attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and cooperative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better understanding of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the right people and their processes are transparent and continuously optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost. ITS FLOW CHART Stitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch Pieces Prod Dep Emb Dep Emb Dep Issue to Embroider Issue to Embroider Reed after Emb. Reed after Emb    Quality Checking Quality Checking Cutting Production Finishing CENTRALIZED CUTTING ROOM AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANIZED CUTTING ROOM:- On average a garment had approximately 50%-60% of its total allocated to fabric and yet, most manufacturing units have no quality and production system monitor the inspection, spreading and cutting of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the monitoring and productivity costs. INTRODUCTION:- Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized cutting facilities. The cutting room is feuding to all the swing floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows comprehensive production and quality procedures in cutting room. FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOM Approval for cutting go ahead Call out for cutting Cutter efficiency chart Daily cut plan Monthly cut plan Cutting file checklist Fabric relaxation Approval additional cutting Bundle control system Color code for different shrinkage Cutting RD Hourly report Fusing system CUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED:- Pre -production meeting is organized to discuss all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting manager, pattern master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master prepares a cut order plan and after job order is received from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department. Most common considerations during cut order planning No of sizes in order No of color in the order Maximum/minimum no of sizes allowed in marker Maximum spread length Maximum ply height Fabric cost per yard Cut table fabric width Width variation Fabric utilization report Fabric inspection report Lot card Shrinkage report Fabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to spreading. Quality assurance inspector conducts inspection after spreading and cutting. He checks the layer for following defects:- After spreading Marker placing Tension Miscut Notches Bowing Leaning Others After cutting Accuracy Matching the top, middle and bottom ply with pattern Notches/drill holes Fabric layering system:- Spreader in the cutting room receives layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the details for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the following fabric details are correct before beginning to spread Fabric type Fabric name Fabric width Shrinkage Color Lot no Layer length No of pieces Total pieces Quality control of the spreading:- As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality assurance inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality control inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to ensure that the spreading is right. The quality assurance inspector ensures the following:- Fabric Number of piles Lay length Ends Tension Remnant Splices Pattern Quality control of the marker:- The quality control inspector would check the following:- Correct marker Ratio Pattern Missing pieces on the marker is quite a common problem in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the pattern pieces is checked. There must be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either. Once the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the knife cuts into the fabric everything is correct. Quality control of cutting:- After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before starting to cut the fabric. Cut number Marker number Marker length Fabric spreading length The cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been placed in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are as follows: Ensure that all the edges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides. Ensures that the marker is laid square to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section. Fusing system:- A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing cycle each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface appearance and hand feel. Fuse line temperatures are established using temperature papers. Fuse line temperature is the temperature between the shell fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some times due to special finishes on the shell fabric, fusing machine is adjusted accordingly. Numbering system:- This is probably one of the most important control points in the manufacturing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or washing and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system. The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and moved to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the best as they allow the cutting table to be cleared immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place. Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining attached to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric. GARMENT PROCESSING UNIT Aim: To work towards most moderate washes while striking a right balance of handwork and chemistry. Also to achieve/generate consistency of shades and quick production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele. Capabilities :- well starting with neat rinse washes, silicon sand wash, peach hand brushing on party wears, whickering coupled with Laser sand Blasting and tinting on Denims. Garment overdyes : -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look; vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is available On demand, shade bands are well taken care of. For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong crisp as and how desired. Laser :- The design made over the surface of fabric by laser engraving technology are being strongly pursued by various customer of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a Rare Technology. Well seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craft saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMS Receive Indent from Merchandiser Ensure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories. Decide the vendor to whom order is to be placed based upon rates. Prepare the purchase order Place the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in purchase register RECEIPT Receive information of material arrival along with bill/challan Verify the description and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O register Verify the quantity with bill Send one piece of the accessory on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required for production equipments and consumables Enter the details of consignment in store receipt Update stock register and style sheet in file ISSUE Receive requirement of material on requisition slip and verify authorized signatures Prepare challan for the items to be issued Issue the material and get acknowledgement on the challan Update stock register and style sheet in file Receive the material returned from production along with style number indicated on return challan Verify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challan Update stock register STORAGE PRESERVATION Keep the rejected material in the area defined for it Keep the approved material at defined location Ensure that adequate preventive measures are taken to safe-guard the material against damage LITERATURE REVIEW MEANING AND NATURE OF JOB SATISFACTION The term ‘Job Satisfaction is of great relevance in the field of human resource management. So we can define Job Satisfaction a: â€Å"Job Satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feeling which employees view in their work. Job Satisfaction is the fulfillment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefits or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. Like other attitudes Job Satisfaction is composed of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction. Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, learning new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments. Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by digging out ‘satisfiers wherever they can be found. This is true even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better carrier area. The trick is to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing ordinary jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no matter what their assignment may be. So, from the discussion we can say that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the perspective of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay. LEVELS OF SATISFACTION Job Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the greater the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do. -Most workers like their work if they have little supervision. -The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education. EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEES The term

Systems of the Human Body Essay -- essays research papers

The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system. The nervous system’s main function is to coordinate all of the activities in the body. The main organs are the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement. The cerebrum, is the center for conscious thought, learning, and memory. The last main organ is the brain stem. The brain stem keeps the automatic systems in your body working. Problems of the nervous system include, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, and multiple sclerosis. You can care for your nervous system by wearing a seatbelt, wearing a helmet, and by not using drugs or alcohol. Something very confusing about the nervous system is that the left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body! The skin has 3 main function. It has to regulate body temperature, remove waste (perspiration), and protect. The skin is made up of 3 layers. The epidermis is the outer thinner layer of the skin that is made up of dead and living cells. The dermis is the thicker middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels and nerves. Sweat glands are found in the dermis, they secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface. To avoid problems like warts, boils, moles, acne, and sunburn you can wash your body daily, wear sunscreen that is 15 or higher, and check your body often... ...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15. The body is an amazing thing. So many things are going on at once. Without your eyes you wouldn’t be able to see this paper! Systems of the Human Body Essay -- essays research papers The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system. The nervous system’s main function is to coordinate all of the activities in the body. The main organs are the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement. The cerebrum, is the center for conscious thought, learning, and memory. The last main organ is the brain stem. The brain stem keeps the automatic systems in your body working. Problems of the nervous system include, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, and multiple sclerosis. You can care for your nervous system by wearing a seatbelt, wearing a helmet, and by not using drugs or alcohol. Something very confusing about the nervous system is that the left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body! The skin has 3 main function. It has to regulate body temperature, remove waste (perspiration), and protect. The skin is made up of 3 layers. The epidermis is the outer thinner layer of the skin that is made up of dead and living cells. The dermis is the thicker middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels and nerves. Sweat glands are found in the dermis, they secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface. To avoid problems like warts, boils, moles, acne, and sunburn you can wash your body daily, wear sunscreen that is 15 or higher, and check your body often... ...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15. The body is an amazing thing. So many things are going on at once. Without your eyes you wouldn’t be able to see this paper!

Ms Access

1 MS-Access 2007 The new look of Access 2007 Before starting the main part of the tutorial, we are just going to familiarize ourselves with the new look Access 2007 User Interface – or Access Screen. The Access Screen The Access 2007 Screen is very different to that in previous versions. The menus have been replaced by the Access 2007 Ribbon; there is the MICROSOFT OFFICE BUTTON instead of the old file menu; and the old database window has been replaced by the Access 2007 NAVIGATION PANE. There is also a GETTING STARTED screen to create or open a database file when Access is launched. Access Ribbon The ACCESS RIBBON works somewhat differently to the old Access Menus. There is a row of ribbon tabs with headings such as HOME, CREATE, EXTERNAL DATA, and DATABASE TOOLS. Clicking on each tab presents you with its own individual ribbon with its own particular icons. Each icon on a ribbon is contained within a group of icons that perform similar tasks. So, for example, the Create tab has groups for TABLES, FORMS, REPORTS and OTHER MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 2 Microsoft Office Button The MICROSOFT OFFICE BUTTON is in the top left corner of the Access screen. It replaces the old Access file menu. So to perform functions such as saving, opening, new file creation, and printing etc, you need to click this button. To the right of this button is the Quick Access Toolbar intended to provide you with quick access to some of the more common commands used in Access 2007. There are three default icons on this toolbar – save, undo and redo. You can also customise this toolbar to add additional commands as required. Access Navigation Pane The Access NAVIGATION PANE replaces the old database window. It is here where you will see the icons for all the tables, orms, queries and reports that you create. When you want to open one of your database â€Å"objects†, you just click on one of these the icons, and the required object will open in the main Access window. Getting Started We will now move onto the first tutorial lesson where the Getting Started Screen will be introduced. Create Access 2007 Database The first step in creating an Acces s 2007 database, is to create a blank database file. This is done from the Getting Started Screen when you launch Access. The file is saved onto one of your PCs folders (which you specify). The procedure for doing this is outlined below. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 3 1. Launch Access To begin, launch Access by clicking on the desktop icon, or choose Access from the start menu. This brings up the GETTING STARTED WITH MICROSOFT OFFICE ACCESS screen. 2. Select Blank Database Template Towards the top left of the screen you will see a â€Å"Blank Database† icon. Click this icon to bring up the Blank Database side bar on the right hand side of the screen. This is where you will enter details about the database file that you are about to create. 3. Enter filename for your Access 2007 database MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 4 Begin by entering the name that you want to call the database in the filename textbox. 4. Browse and select folder Next click the folder icon and browse for a folder to put your database. Once selected you should see the file path below the textbox. 5. Click Create All you need to do now is click the â€Å"Create† command button below, and your database file saves to the location that you specified, and opens for you to work on. You are now ready to work on your newly created database file. The next step is to create an Access table Access 2007 tables How Access stores data in Tables Like all other databases, Access 2007 stores data in tables. They look a lot like the cells of a spreadsheet with columns and rows. Each horizontal column represents a table record, and each vertical column represents a table field. See Table example below: A simple Table ID Number 1 2 3 FirstName John Tracey Anne Surname Jones Smith McNeil Age 35 25 30 In the example Table above, there are four fields containing information about an individuals ID number, first name, surname and age. Below the field headings there are 3 records containing information or data for each individual. As such, a database table is a list with each column containing the same specific sort of information. Each row of information is an individual record that might relate to a particular person, a business, or a product etc. When planning a database table, most database designers will decide which column headings or fields they are going to use. This is the basis of the table structure. The actual data is added later and is not a part of the design process. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 5 Create Access Table 1. Open database file If you created a blank Access database in the previous tutorial lesson, you are now ready to create a new table. Begin by opening your existing database file if it is not already open. Do this by clicking on the Access desktop icon to bring up the getting started screen again. You should see the file name that you just created towards the top of the right hand side bar (If you cant see it, click the folder icon to browse for the file). Click on the file name to bring up your blank database. If, at this stage, you get a security warning underneath the ribbon, click where it says options, select the â€Å"enable this content† radio button (in the pop-up window), and then click ok. Your blank database file should now be fully open. 2. Create Access Table Select the CREATE tab on the Access ribbon. Next select the TABLE DESIGN icon from the TABLES group. This creates a new table. 3. Create fields in DESIGN VIEW This brings up the TABLE DESIGN GRID where you enter each field name and its data type. The first field we are going to create is the ID field which is going to contain a unique reference number for each record. Enter the name â€Å"ID† into the first column of the first row in the grid. Because we want Access to MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 6 automatically generate a unique reference number, select AUTONUMBER from the drop down list in the data type column. You can also enter a description for each field, but this is not essential. On the next row the field is going to be called FIRSTNAME and the data type is going to be TEXT. On the third row the field name is SURNAME with the data type again being TEXT. And finally, the last field name is AGE and the data type here is going to be NUMBER. Before you save the table you will need to choose the Primary Key, which in this case is ID. To do this, select the ID row by clicking on it, and then simply click the primary key symbol on the Ribbon. The table design grid should now look like this: You can now save the table by clicking the save icon on the top left of the screen above the Access Ribbon. To view your table select DATASHEET VIEW from the VIEWS group under the DESIGN TAB. This brings up the datasheet view of the table that you have just created. You should see your field headings running across the top of the table. 4. Data entry in DATASHEET VIEW Although entering data onto the datasheet table is not a part of the design process, the table now exists as a database object, and you can test it by entering some information into the cells. Select the first cell in the FIRSTNAME column and enter the name JOHN. For SURNAME enter JONES, and for AGE enter 35. NB just ignore the column underneath the heading ADD NEW FIELD. We created all the fields we needed in design view. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 7 You have now entered the first record in the table – record 1 for John Jones aged 35. You can now press the return key and the record will save automatically. You are now ready to enter the second record on the next row – TRACEY SMITH 25. Press return and then fill in the data for the last record we are going to do for now – ANNE McNEIL 30 Your datasheet table should now look like this: You now have a database table with three records. More records can be added below the existing three at any time. Records in the table can also be searched, sorted, filtered and displayed in a variety of ways. This, however, is something for future lessons. The next lesson to be covered in this tutorial is Access 2007 forms. Access 2007 Forms Access FORMS are user friendly In the previous lesson, you created an Access Table and entered three records. However, to get the most out of Access it makes sense to create a data entry FORM. By doing so you are making your database more user friendly. It is easier and quicker to enter data onto a form than it is into a table, not least because you have more control over the layout and labelling of your form. In this lesson we will learn how to create a FORM that uses your newly created table as the DATA SOURCE. Create Access form There are a number of ways to create an Access form. One of the easiest ways is to use the ACCESS FORM WIZARD. 1. Select form wizard Open your database if it is not already open. Click the CREATE tab on the ACCESS RIBBON and then select MORE FORMS from the forms group. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 8 A drop down list of form types appears. You need to select FORM WIZARD from this list. 2. Select table and fields The Form wizard then opens as the pop up window below. On the first page of the form wizard we select which table we are going to use as the DATA SOURCE. Since there is only one table in this database so far, it should already be selected for us in the TABLES/QUERIES combo box. Underneath there is a list of the four fields in your table. You could select each field individually by highlighting the field name and clicking the single arrow >. We can, however, select all four just by clicking the double arrow >>. Once they have been transfered into the right hand box they are selected. We can now click NEXT to go to page 2 of the form wizard. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 9 3. Form Layout This is where we choose the FORM LAYOUT. We are going to leave this on the default setting of COLUMNAR. Click NEXT again to move onto page three of the form wizard. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 10 4. Form Style Here we select a style that from the list box. Preview a style by clicking on its name. This step just determines how the form looks aesthetically. Once you have selected a style to your taste, click NEXT again. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 11 5. Form Title This is the last stage of the wizard. Here we are going to choose the name for our form – lets say FORM1. We are going to leave the radio button selected for OPEN THE FORM TO ENTER OR VIEW INFORMATION All we need to do now is click FINISH and our form should like something like this: 6. Navigate Records via Access Form As you can see, the form opens with the first record in your original table displayed. You can navigate through each record using the NAVIGATION BUTTON at the bottom left of the form window. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 12 To move to the next record click the right arrow button on the navigation control. To move to the last record click the >| button on the navigation control. To move backwards through the recordset use the left arrow buttons. You could edit any record from the form, which will update the data in your table. For now, though, just try navigating through the three records without changing any data. 7. Create New Record via Access Form Now that you know how to move through the recordset, lets finish off by adding two more records. To do this click the star button on the right of the navigation control. This should bring up a blank record. Add JOE for firstname, BROWN for surname, and 39 for age. Click the star again to bring up a new blank record, and enter SUE MOORE 33. When you have finished click x on the form window to close. This tutorial lesson has shown you how to create an Access Form using the form wizard, and how to navigate and add records using Access Forms. There are a number of other ways to create and modify forms, but this is as far as we are going to go in this particular lesson. The next lesson in the tutorial is going to be Access 2007 queries. Access 2007 Query Access Queries Process Data If you have been following the previous lessons in this tutorial, you will have created a table with five records. In this lesson we are going to create an Access 2007 QUERY, which will process the data below which you have entered into your table. ID Number 1 2 3 4 5 FirstName John Tracey Anne Joe Sue Surname Jones Smith McNeil Brown Moore Age 35 25 30 39 33 What we want Access to do is extract all the records in the above table where the persons age is greater than or equal to 35. Access Queries can do far more than this, of course, but this simple task should serve as a useful learning exercise. Open the Query Design Grid The first stage is to select the CREATE TAB and then go to the OTHER group on the far right of the ribbon. Then click on the QUERY DESIGN ICON to bring up the query design grid. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 13 Select Table for Query The next stage is to select which table you are going to use in this query. When the query design grid opened, the SHOW TABLE pop up window should also have opened. If necessary you can open this window manually by clicking the SHOW TABLE icon in the QUERY SET UP group on the Access Ribbon. So far there is only one table in your database – TABLE1. This should be highlighted when the window opens, but if not, just click on it once. Next click ADD. When you close the pop-up window by clicking x,you should see a box labelled TABLE1 above the query design grid. Select fields from Table In the table1 box, you will see a list of its field names. We are going to use all the fields in this query, so select each one individually by double clicking on their names. You will now see the field names at the top of each column in the Query Design Grid. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 14 Enter query criteria As you may remember, the purpose of our query is to extract records where the persons name is greater than or equal to 35. To do this we enter the criteria into the appropriate cell of the query design grid. In this case you need to go to the AGE column of the CRITERIA row, and enter the formula >=35. Save and Run Query Click the save icon above the Access Ribbon. When prompted for the query name, just use the default QUERY1. To run your query, click the RUN icon in the RESULTS GROUP of the Access Ribbon. You should now be presented with a datasheet displaying your query results – JOHN JONES 35 and JOE BROWN 39. You have now created and run your first query. The next lesson in the tutorial is about Access 2007 Reports. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 15 Access 2007 Reports Access Reports Present Data Access REPORTS are a way of displaying and printing information from your database. Developers often use Reports to display the results of a Query, which is what we are going to do next. Like other Access database objects, there a number of ways to create an Access REPORT. We are going use the REPORT WIZARD. Our task is to display the results of QUERY1 which we created in the previous tutorial lesson. 1. Open Report Wizard Begin by selecting the CREATE TAB on the Access Ribbon. Then click REPORT WIZARD from the REPORTS group to open the pop up window. 2. Select Report Data Source and Fields The first page of the Report Wizard is almost identical to that of the Form Wizard. On this page we will select QUERY1 as the DATA SOURCE for the Report. This is done by selecting the query from the list in the TABLES/QUERIES combo box. Then select all fields from QUERY1 by clicking the double arrow to the right of the text box labelled AVAILABLE FIELDS. The field names will now appear in the SELECTED FIELDS text box on the right. Click next to go to the second page of the wizard. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 16 3. Report Grouping Levels Page two of the wizard is where you can add grouping levels if required. So we could, for example, group each person in our report with others of the same age. We dont need to do this for this particular example, but it is certainly a useful feature that we might want to learn more about later. But for now, just click next. 4. Record Sort Order Page three of the wizard is where you determine what order the records are displayed in your report. So for example you might want to display records in ascending order of age. For this example, however, we are going to put your records into alphabetical order for SURNAME and FIRSTNAME. Begin by clicking the top drop down box and selecting SURNAME, and in the box 2 below select FIRSTNAME. This means that records are sorted alphabetically by surname, and if two surnames are the same, the FIRSTNAME is used to determine which record comes first etc. Click Next MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 17 5. Report Lay Out This page of the Wizard is where you set the lay out for your report. There are various lay out options, but in our case we shall keep to the default setting of TABULAR. Click next. 6. Style For style, select Access 2007 from the list and click next. MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in 18 7. Name of Report Name your report REPORT1 and then click FINISH. Your access report will now be displayed on the screen, and should look something like this: MSAccess2007 – www. neteffect. in

History of the Cherokee Indians Essays

History of the Cherokee Indians Essays History of the Cherokee Indians Essay History of the Cherokee Indians Essay History of the Cherokee Indians: Growth to Reduction of the tribes Mary Ruef Axia College University of Phoenix I would like to provide you with some information regarding the Cherokee Indians. I am one quarter Cherokee Indian. My grandmother is full blooded Cherokee and may mother is one half Cherokee. Cherokee comes from a creek word â€Å"Cherokee† meaning â€Å"people of a different speech† (Cherokee history 1996). There are 561 officially recognized Indian tribes in the United States. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is the largest database of records and histories of Native American tribes in the country. The language of the Cherokee Indian is Iroquian, although the Cherokee language differs slightly from the Iroquian language. Before the coming of the Europeans my family the Cherokee’s were forced to migrate to the southern Appalachians from the northwest after a defeat at the hands of the Iroquois and Delaware. According to Cherokee history, The growth of my hertiage started in the southern Appalachian Mountains including western and North and South Carolina, Northern Georgia and Alabama, Southwest Virginia, and the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Northern Alabama (www. olatsga. org/cherokee. html 1996). The Eastern Cherokee still maintain their reservation in western North Carolina but most live in Oklahoma, Northern Cherokee nation of old Louisiana territory still has almost 12,ooo members and they are recognized by the state of Missouri unlike North Alabama whom do not have federal recognition. We lived in small communities usually near river bottoms. Homes ar e made of wooden frames covered with woven vines and saplings plastered with mud. Each village usually consisted of 30 to 50 log and mud huts. These huts are usually grouped around the village to make a town square, which was known as the council house. â€Å"The council house was seven sided to represent the seven clans of the Cherokee Indians : Bird, paint, deer, wolf, blue, long hair, and wild potato† (smoky mountain mall, 2007). We lived in the dense evergreen forests among the Allegheny and Great Smoky Mountains because these areas were plentiful with game, fish, and plant life. Clothing was made of deer skins. According to the wild west the women farmed corn, beans, squash and sunflowers which they preserved for use year around. Gourds were used as utensils, storage containers and ceremonial rattles. â€Å"Our spiritual belief revolves around a Creator and spirits who embody the sun, moon, and stars. Harvest ceremony is very important to any agricultural tribe† (www. thewildwest. org 2008). A dance known as the Green Corn Dance is held each August to hedge our bet for a good harvest. My native American culture live and love with nature. We created harmony within our environment in what we wear, create, what we eat and how it we prepare it. Our home life is important as well as our beliefs and philosophies. Even though Indian heritage is rich in tradition and culture, many Indians that live on reservations are struggling with a different legacy. According to the American Indian Tragedy more than 300,000 Native Americans are either homeless or living in life threatening conditions. â€Å"American Indians are faced with suicide rate double that of all other nonwhites, and higher levels of school dropouts, alcoholism, and unemployment† (American Indian Tragedy 2008). Many housing for the Indian reservations do not have electricity or running water due to these areas being so isolated. Many of our Indian reservations lack high quality natural resources. Agricultural productivity on Indian lands is less than on similar private lands. Income for us consist of casinos however these casinos are not created equal. Some of the casinos that are tribally owned are economic failures. Some of these casinos are profitable and create millions of dollars or more in profits. According to the American Indian Tragedy the high rate of poverty on many Indian reservations stems from a historical amalgam of federal policies which were intended to push Indians to become civilized. A lot has changed in the Cherokee nation it now has become a leader in housing, education, vocational training, economic development and business. According to the federal government the Cherokee nation has the right to exercise control over their tribal assets. Our assets not only include the 96 miles of the Arkansas River bed but also include 66,000 acres of land. February 10, 1990 a tax code was approved by the Cherokee nation to include sales tax and tobacco tax on all services and goods sold in the Cherokee Indian tribal land. The main purpose of this tax code is to increase the revenue so that they can provide the Cherokee Indians with a better way of life (Cherokee Nation 2008). References Cherokee History. Retrieved from web site www. tolatsga. org/cherokee1. html May 25,2008. Cherokee Nation Cherokee Indians, 2008. Retrieved from web site www. smokymtnmall. com/cherokee_indians/cherokee_nation. shtml May 25, 2008. The Wild West Cowboys and Legends. Retrieved from web site http://thewildwest. org/interface/index. php? action=539 May 25,2008